Target electrode for barrier grid storage tube



C. L. DAY

April 27, 1965 TARGET ELECTRODE FOR BARRIER GRID STORAGE TUBE Original Filed June 20, 1957 lllllvIHul |11 United States Patent C 3,181,021 TARGET ELECTRODE FOR BAR GRID STORAGE TUBE Cyril L. Day, Huntington, Ind., assignor to International Telephone and Telegraph Corporation riginal application .lune 20, 1957, Ser. No. 666,969, now Patent No. 3,067,486, dated Dec. 11, 1962. Divided and this application Apr. 24, 1961, Ser. No. 104,958

6 Claims. (Cl. 313-68) This invention relates to barrier grid storage tubes and more particularly to the target electrode assemblies incorporated in such tubes. This application is a division of my application Serial Number 666,969, filed June 20, 1957, now Patent No. 3,067,486, issued December 11, 1962.

Barrier grid storage tubes are now commonly used in computer technology, being employed in binary computers for storing and reading-out yes-no answers. These tubes, which are of the cathode ray type, are well-known in the art, as shown for example in Patent No. 2,538,836, of January 23, 1951, to A. S. Jensen. Such tubes conventionally include an electron gun assembly including a cathode heated by a suitable filament, a control grid and an accelerating anode, all positioned within an elongated envelope at one end thereof. Suitable deflecting and focusing elements are conventionally provided for causing the electron beam produced by the electron gun to scan a target electrode assembly positioned Within the envelope at the other end thereof. The target electrode assembly comprises a grid or screen arranged on one side of a dielectric sheet and a metal plate arranged on the other.

The electron beam from the electron gun is caused to scan the target electrode assembly providing secondary emission greater than unity. Each square of the target electrode formed by the screen or grid in essence forms a separate capacitor with the metal backing plate and thus may be charged positively or negatively by the electron beam, depending upon the polarity of the input signal applied to the metal plate and screen of the target assembly. These charges may subsequently be taken olf of the target electrode assembly by a subsequent scanning by the electron beam.

In prior barrier storage tubes known to the applicant, the grid or screen of the target electrode has been mechanically attached to the dielectric. Such tubes were subject to microphonics due to vibration of the screen caused by external jarring of the tube and also caused by rapid reversal of the charge on the target electrode. Furthermore, the simple screen commonly employed for the grid structure has been found in some cases to be undesirably thin, thereby detrimentally affecting the accuracy of the tube.

I have found that the microphonics encountered in previous barrier-grid storage tubes can be eliminated by using glass or other fused dielectric material as the dielectric material of the target electrode and fusing the barrier screen thereto, and have also found that better shading may be secured by increasing the thickness of the screen, as by plating. I have further discovered that in the bowlshaped target electrode described in my co-pending application, now Patent No. 3,020,622, issued February 13, 1962, and assigned to the assignee of the present application, it is difficult to obtain a uniform thickness of the dielectric sheet when using mica, the material commonly employed for the dielectric layer in barrier grid storage tube target electrodes, but that a uniform thickness layer can readily be provided using a fuzed dielectric material as the dielectric layer; this invention therefore finds its principal utility as applied to bowl-shaped target electrodes.

It is therefore an object of this invention to provide an improved target electrode for barrier lgrid storage tubes.

It is another object of this invention to provide an improved target electrode for barrier grid storage tubes which is not subject to microphonics.

Yet another object of this invention is to provide an improved target electrode for barrier grid storage tubes in which the screen is fused to a glass dielectric.

The above-mentioned and other features and objects of this invention and the manner of attaining them will become more apparent and the invention itself will be best understood by reference to the following description of an embodiment of the invention taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a barrier grid storage tube incorporating the improved target electrode assembly of this invention;

FIG. 2 is a fragmentary plan view (greatly magnified) of my improved target electrode assembly; and

FIG. 3 is a fragmentary cross-sectional vieW of the improved target electrode assembly of this invention taken along the line 3-3 of FIG. 2.

Referring to FIG. l, there is shown a barrier grid storage tube which includes an elongated envelope 2 having an electron gun assembly 3 positioned therein adjacent end 4. The electron gun assembly 3 may be any conventional type, as is well known in the art, including a cathode heated by a suitable filament, a control grid, and suitable accelerating anodes. The cathode, filament, control grid and accelerating elements are connected to suitable sources of voltage by leads 5, as is well known in the art. The electron beam 6 produced by the electron gun assembly 3 is deflected vertically and horizontally by suitable deflecting electrodes 7 positioend within the envelope 2 and connected to suitable deflecting circuits by conductors 8 and 9, it being understood that the vertical and horizontal deflection of the electron beam may be provided by dellecting coils arranged on the exterior of the envelope 2 rather than by the internal deflecting elements 7. A shield electrode 10 is positioned Within the envelope 2 and is connected to a suitable source of potential, for example volts, by lead 11. A collecting electrode 12 is likewise positioned Within envelope 2 in front of the shield 10 and is connected to a suitable source of potential, for example -1-500 volts by lead 13. Collecting electrode 12 is also connected to an output circuit, as is well known in the art. A conductive coating is applied to the inner surface of the envelope 2 intermediate end 4 and the other end 14, which coating is adapted to be connected to a suitable source of voltage by conductor 15. A suitable focusing coil may also be provided on the exterior of the envelope 2 connected to a suitable source of voltage, as is well known in the art. The target electrode assembly 16 of this invention is positioned within the envelope 2 at the end 14 thereof and is thus scanned by the electron beam 6. It will be readily understood that the specific features of the barrier grid storage tube, other than the target electrode assembly 16, do not form a part of this invention and are here shown for illustrative purposes only; my improved target electrode assembly may be utilized in barrier grid storage tubes constructed differently from that showr in FIG. l.

Referring now to FIGS. 2 and 3, in addition to FIG. 1, the target electrode assembly 16 preferably includes a relatively lthin bowl-shaped metal backing plate 17, a relatively thin layer of glass .18 forming the dielectric of the target assembly 16, the layer 18 being preferably fused to the metal backing plate 17, and a metal grid structure 19 formed of a tine mesh screen 20 fused to the inner surface of the glass dielectric 18 and having its thickness increased as at 21, as by plating.

I have tested in a barrier grid storage tube a target electrode of the type shown in FIGS. l-3 in which the target electrode had a diameter of 41/2 inches, the metal backing plate 17 was formed of 1fnconel having a thickness of .040 inch and a radius of curvature of 4-1/2 inches, the glass dielectric layer 18 was .002 inch thick and fused to the Vinner surface of metal backing plate 17. Inconel is the trademark for an alloy containing approximately 76% nickel, 16% chromium, and 6% iron. A Z50-mesh copper lectroform screen having a thickness of .001 inch was employed fused to the inner surface of the glass dielectric layer 18, the screen 20 having a grid structure 2l integrally joined to its outer surface by plating to form an overall thickness of the grid of .0015 inch.

In the method of making the improved target electrode of this invention, the bowl-shaped metal backing plate 17 is preferably formed in the manner fully described in my aforesaid Patent No. 3,020,622.

The completed bowl 17 is then placed in a rotating jig in a spray booth, the jig being arranged continuously to rotate Ithe bowl while holding it in a vertical plane; the speed of rotation being very slow. I have used an external mix gun with a large head for spraying the inner surface of the bowl with glass. I adjusted the spray head to throw a spray at least one and one-half times as Wide as the bowl diameter and have obtained very satisfactory results by utilizing a suspension of approximately twenty (20) grams of S25-mesh powdered glass to one hundred (100) milliliters of ethyl alcohol. Glass having a low melting point is employed, the specific glass used depending on the metal used for the metal backing plate; in the specific embodiment described above in which an Inconel metal backing plate was used, I use glass which softens at approximately 440 C. and melts at 500 C. The thermal expansion characteristics of the glass should further approximately match the thermal expansion characteristics of the metal backing plate. I have found that great care must be employed at all times to keep the glass powder in a suspension, the suspension being sprayed on by lthe spray head while the bowl is being slowly rotated. The bowl must be maintained damp at all times during the spraying operation, since if allowed to dry out the air from the spray gun blows the deposited glass away and in trying -to retrieve a balanced and uniform coating I have found that watermarks or sagging may result. In the particular spray gun I employed, I have found that an air pressure of approximately twentyfive pounds provided satisfactory results. If the spray suspension is too thick and greater air pressure is employed, it has been found difficult to keep from spraying too dry and encountering the waterm'arking and sagging desecribed above. Care must further be exercised in adjusting the spray gun so that the stream is of uniform density throughout since I have found that otherwise heavy spots are deposited on the finished bowl. I have found that a uniform coating of glass is provided on the inner surface of the bowl by eight or ten passes of the spray gun, the layers varying from one-thousandth (.001) of an inch to one-hundredth (0.10) of an inch.

Following spraying of the powdered glass on the inner surface of the bowl, the bowl is allowed to dry and inspected to detect any thick spots on the surface. If the bowl is satisfactory, it is then placed in a preheated furnace; I have found lthat in the case of the specific glass employed, the furnace should be heated to approximately eight hundred degrees C. (800 C.). The bowl is placed on a carrier of stainless steel with the glass up in the horizontal position and is left in the furnace until the glass star-ts to melt from the edge in. I have found that the bowl should be left in the furnace until the last bit of glass in `the center melts and for a period of two (2) minutes beyond this time. I have found that if the bowl is lef-t in the furnace for a substantial amount of time over two minutes following melting of the glass in the center, an oxide `will begin to penetrate from the i metal backing plate ruining the bowl for further use. If on the other hand the time the bowl is left in the furnace is a substantially shorter period of time, small particles of unmelted glass are visible on the surface giving it a rough appearance.

After the glass has been fused to the inner surface of the bowl, the bowl with the fused glass layer thereon is removed from the furnace while still on the carrier and allowed to come to room temperature as quickly as possible. I have found that care must be exercised during the molten stage to insure that dirt specks do not drop into the molten glass surface.l After the bowl is cooled, it should again be `inspected to determine thickness of glass over the entire surface and also for any imperfections. If the thickness of the glass layer is not uniform, the bowl may again be optically ground.

A fine mesh screen is then applied to the outer surface of the glass dielectric layer. These screens may be any nonmagnetic material, such as copper, nickel, or stainless steel, however I have advantageously employed copper since the increasing of the thickness thereof by plating is accomplished relatively easily. I have employed a 250- mesh lectroform screen having a .thickness from .002" to .0005. The screen may be formed into a bowl shaped snugly to tit within the glass layer on the inner surface of the bowl in any suitable manner, as by being sagged into the bowl at an elevated temperature, or the screen may be formed by use of a punch and die set having a rubber punch portion. In order to provide for accurate readings from the barrier grid storage tube, it is very important that the wire mesh screen be drawn evenly and smoothly and be free of wrinkles and iiaws. It should be free of excessive distortion over its entire area.

After the grid is placed on top of the glass dielectric layer, the screen is preferably urged into intimate contact with the dielectric layer, as by a carbon weight formed to the same shape as the bowl. The sandwich of the bowl screen and Weight is then placed in a preheated furnace; I have employed a furnace preheated at 600 C. The bowl, screen and weight are held in the `furnace at this temperature just long enough to seal the screen to the glass dielectric layer, the time varying according to the thickness of the glass and the type of metal used in the screen. As soon as the screen is sealed to the glass dielectric layer, the assembly is withdrawn from the oven and allowed to cool in air to room temperature.

I have found that the sealing process should be carried out in an inert atmosphere, such as hydrogen, since if it is carried out in air the copper mesh screen becomes discolored. Any discoloration, however, can be removed from the copper mesh screen by cleaning it with diluted aluminum chloride.

The thickness of the screen is now increased, if desired, by plating over the copper screen. This may be done by using an anode with approximately the same curvature and of the same material as the screen, preferably copper, covered with a glass cloth cover thick enough to retain a quantity of the plating bath. During the plating operation, I have found it desirable to replenish the plating bath by pumping it through holes in the anode at the required rate to replenish the spent bath. I have found that if the target electrode is completely flooded with a new plating bath, it will tend to plate the screen closed. This plating is continued until the screen has been built up to the desired thickness.

It will be readily understood that other fusible dielectric materials may be employed instead of glass, e.g., certain ceramic materials and eutectic mixtures of glass and ceramics will form a suitable dielectric layer and will permit fusing of the screen thereto. It will also be apparent that the glass dielectric layer may be separately formed, as by molding, rather than being sprayed on the metal backing plate.

With my improved target electrode, microphonics encountered in previous barrier grid storage tubes are completely eliminated since the entire area of the grid structure itself is solidly fused to the dielectric layer rather than being merely mechanically held against the dielectric as was previously the case. Furthermore, the plating of the tine mesh screen forms a convenient and simple Way to increase the thickness of the grid structure.

While I have described above the principles of my invention in connection With specific apparatus, it is to be clearly understood that this description is made only by Way of example and not as a limitation to the scope of my invention.

What is claimed is: Y

1. A target electrode for a barrier grid storage tube comprising: an imperforate relatively thin metal backing plate; a relatively thin layer of fusible dielectric material continuously fused to one surface of said backing plate; and a tine mesh metal grid fused throughout its area to the outer surface of said dielectric material, said backing plate, dielectric material layer and metal grid forming a rigid integral structure.

2. A target electrode for a barrier grid storage tube comprising: an` imperforate bowl-shaped metal backing plate; a layer of fusible dielectric material continuously fused to the inner surface of said backing plate; and a fine mesh metal grid fused throughout its area to the outer surface of said dielectric material, said backing plate, dielectric material layer and metal grid forming a rigid integral structure.

3. A target electrode for a barrier grid storage tube comprising: an imperforate metal backing plate; a layer of glass continuously fused to one surface of said backing plate; and a fine mesh metal grid fused throughout its area to the outer surface of said glass layer, -said backing plate, glass layer, and metal grid forming a rigid integral structure.

4. A target electrode for a barrier grid storage tube comprising: an imperforate metal backing plate; a layer of fusible dielectric material continuously fused to one surface of said backing plate; a fine mesh metal screen fused throughout its area to the outer surface of said dielectric material; and a metal grid structure integrally joined to the outer surface of the said screen and having the same mesh, said backing plate, dielectric material layer, metal screen and metal grid forming a rigid integral structure.

5. A target electrode for a barrier grid storage tube comprising: an imperforate relatively thin bowl-shaped metal backing plate; a relatively thin layer of glass continuously fused to the inner surface of said backing plate; a line mesh metal screen fused throughout its area to lthe outer surface of said glass layer; and a metal grid structure substantially thicker than said screen'integrally joined to the outer surface of said screen and having the same mesh, said backing plate, glass layer, metal screen and metal grid forming a rigid integral structure.

6. A target electrode for a barrier grid storage tube Comprising: an imperforate bowl-shaped Inconel backing plate approximately .040 inches thick; a layer of glass approximately .002 inches thick continuously fused to the inner surface of said backing plate; a wire screen of at least 250 mesh fused throughout its area to the outer surface of said glass layer; and a metal grid structure approximately .0005 inch thick integrally joined to the outer surface of said screen and having the same mesh Vthereby forming a barrier grid, said backing plate, glass layer, Wire screen and metal grid forming a rigid integral structure.

References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,281,280 4/42 Gabor.

2,503,949 4/50 Jensen et al 315-12 X 2,538,836 l/51 Jensen 313-68 X 2,879,419 3/ 59 Redington 313--68 2,901,649 8/59 Knight 313--68 OTHER REFERENCES Cathode Ray Tube Displays, McGraw-Hill, 1948 (pp. 338 to 342 relied on).

DAVID I. CALVIN, Primary Examiner. ARTHUR GAUSS, GEORGE N. WESTBY, Examiner. 

4. A TARGET ELECTRODE FOR A BARRIER GRID STORAGE TUBE COMPRISING: AN IMPREFORAT METAL BACKING PLATE; A LAYER OF FUSIBLE DIELECTRIC MATERIAL CONTINUOUSLY FUSED TO ONE SURFACE OF SAID BACKING PLATE; A FINE MESH METAL SCREEN FUSED THROUGHOUT ITS AREA TO THE OUTER SURFACE OF SAID DIELECTRIC MATERIAL; AND A METAL GRID STRUCTURE INTEGRALLY JOINED TO THE OUTER SURFACE OF THE SAID SCREEN AND HAVING THE SAME MESH, SAID BACKING PLATE, DIELECTRIC MATERIAL LAYER, METAL SCREEN AND METAL GRID FORMING A RIGID INTEGRAL STRUCTURE. 